Although quartz has a substantial linear birefringence, that effect is cancelled when propagation is along the optic axis.
2.
One can visualize the case of linear birefringence ( with two orthogonal linear propagation modes ) with an incoming wave linearly polarized at a 45?angle to those modes.
3.
Polarimetry can be used to measure various optical properties of a material, including linear birefringence, circular birefringence ( also known as optical rotation or optical rotary dispersion ), polarising filters, wave plates or other devices.
4.
Whereas linear birefringence in a crystal involves a small difference in the phase velocity of light of two different linear polarizations, circular birefringence implies a small difference in the velocities between right and left-handed " circular polarization " s.
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